Summary
Arm Holdings is a semiconductor and software design company based in Cambridge, England, whose primary business is the design of central processing unit (CPU) cores that implement the ARM architecture family of instruction sets. They also design their own GPUs called Mali / Immortalis as well as NPUs called Ethos.
Arm-China
Arm Technology (China) Co., Ltd., better known as Arm-China, is an independently operated joint venture formed in 2018, when Arm sold a 51% majority stake in its China business to Chinese investors. Besides licensing Arm CPU and GPU IP to Chinese chip makers, Arm-China develops its own IP, including the Zhouyi NPU and the Linlon video and display processors.
While Arm primarily licenses CPU and GPU designs to other manufacturers, they started to produce their own silicon for specific datacenter and AI infrastructure applications starting in 2026.
ARM CPU Cores
All ARMv8-A and newer cores, plus the Cortex-M microcontroller cores used in SoCs on this wiki
2025
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv9.3-A | C1-Ultra (Cortex-X930) | Flagship |
| ARMv9.3-A | C1-Premium (Cortex-A730) | High-End |
| ARMv9.3-A | C1-Pro (Cortex-A530) | Performance |
| ARMv9.3-A | C1-Nano (Cortex-A320) | Ultra Efficiency |
Note: From 2025, ARM uses the C1 branding (C1-Ultra, C1-Premium, C1-Pro, C1-Nano) instead of “Cortex” for the new CPU line.
2024
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv9.2-A | Cortex-X925 | Flagship |
| ARMv9.2-A | Cortex-A725 | High-End |
| ARMv9.2-A | Cortex-A720AE | Performance |
| ARMv9.2-A | Cortex-A520AE | Efficiency |
| ARMv8-R | Cortex-R82AE | Real-Time |
2023
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv9.2-A | Cortex-X4 | Flagship |
| ARMv9.2-A | Cortex-A720 | Performance |
| ARMv9.2-A | Cortex-A520 | Efficiency |
| ARMv9.2-A | Neoverse N3 (Cortex-X3) | Infrastructure |
| ARMv9.2-A | Neoverse V3 (Cortex-X4) | Infrastructure |
2022
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv9.0-A | Cortex-X3 | Flagship |
| ARMv9.0-A | Cortex-A715 | Performance |
| ARMv9.0-A | Neoverse V2 (Cortex-X2) | Infrastructure |
| ARMv8-R | Cortex-R52+ | Real-Time |
| ARMv8.1-M | Cortex-M85 | Microcontroller |
2021
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv9.0-A | Cortex-X2 | Flagship |
| ARMv9.0-A | Cortex-A710 | Performance |
| ARMv9.0-A | Cortex-A510 | Efficiency |
| ARMv9.0-A | Neoverse N2 (Cortex-A710) | Infrastructure |
| ARMv9.0-A | Neoverse E2 (Cortex-A510) | Infrastructure |
2020
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-X1 | Flagship |
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A78 | Performance |
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A78AE | Performance (Safety) |
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A78C | Performance |
| ARMv8.4-A | Neoverse V1 (Cortex-X1) | Infrastructure |
| ARMv8-R | Cortex-R82 | Real-Time |
2019
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A77 | Performance |
| ARMv8-A | Cortex-A34 | Ultra Efficiency |
| ARMv8.2-A | Neoverse N1 (Cortex-A76) | Infrastructure |
| ARMv8.2-A | Neoverse E1 (Cortex-A75) | Infrastructure |
Neoverse targets datacenter and infrastructure; Cortex-A/X target mobile and client.
2018
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A76 | Performance |
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A76AE | Performance (Safety) |
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A65 | Performance |
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A65AE | Performance (Safety) |
AE variants add safety features (e.g. lockstep) commonly used in Automotive.
2017
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A75 | Performance |
| ARMv8.2-A | Cortex-A55 | Efficiency |
2016
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv8-A | Cortex-A73 | Performance |
| ARMv8-A | Cortex-A32 | Ultra Efficiency (32-bit) |
| ARMv8-M | Cortex-M33 | Microcontroller |
2015
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv8-A | Cortex-A72 | Performance |
| ARMv8-A | Cortex-A35 | Ultra Efficiency |
2014
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv7E-M | Cortex-M7 | Microcontroller |
2012
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv8-A | Cortex-A57 | Performance |
| ARMv8-A | Cortex-A53 | Efficiency |
2010
| ISA | Name | Class |
|---|
| ARMv7E-M | Cortex-M4 | Microcontroller |
ARM Mali GPUs
ARM Mali GPU architecture, userspace drivers (proprietary Mali UMD/DDK and open-source Panfrost), and kernel drivers (Panfrost and Panthor)
ARM Ethos NPUs
Overview of the Arm Ethos-U Processor Series, including Ethos-U55, Ethos-U65, and Ethos-U85 specifications and features.
Arm-China Zhouyi NPUs
Overview of Arm-China's Zhouyi NPU (AIPU) family, including the Z1, Z2, X2 and X3 generations, the Compass software stack and the SoCs that use it.
